The township and range system established a gridlike pattern for much of present day land use2/21/2024 ![]() Among the latter, the characteristics of roads are particularly conducive to RIFA invasion and establishment. The geographical invasion of RIFAs can be due to natural dispersals (e.g., nuptial flights and flooding) as well as anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, understanding the patterns of geographical invasion for RIFA is essential in implementing controls to conserve local ecosystems, which is especially crucial to isolated islands 9. In addition, RIFA reduces biodiversity by decreasing populations of animals 4, 5, 6 and damaging plants 7, 8. RIFAs have noted for displacing indigenous fire ant species, such as Solenopsis geminate in Texas 1 and Solenopsis richteri Forel in Mississippi 2 as well as other ant species in the U.S. Similar to other exotic species, RIFAs harm local ecosystems. The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, is an invasive species in many countries. This study provided important insights into RIFA invasions in an isolated island and the areas of control strategies implemented. We also identified land for transportation usage and the area of land-use change from 2014 to 2017, had more than 60% of RIFA SIRH within 350 m and 150 m from the nearest road. The results showed that agricultural land, land for transportation usage, and areas that had undergone land-use change from 2014 to 2017 had greater odds of RIFA invasion than natural land cover. In this study, we applied linear and nonlinear approaches to assess how land-use types, distance from the nearest road, different land-use types, and spatial factors affect the risk of RIFA SIRH. ![]() However, a linear relationship may not reflect the actual circumstances. Furthermore, it was often assumed in prior studies that the risk of RIFA SIRH had a linear association with the independent variables. However, little is known about how land-use change and the characteristics of roads with different land-use types are associated with the risk of RIFA successful invasion or remaining at the highest level of invasion (RIFA SIRH). Research into geographical invasions of red imported fire ants (RIFAs) by anthropogenic disturbances has received much attention. ![]()
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